Q1, Week 2:

INTERNET SEARCH/RESEARCH

In the previous lesson, we learned about the varied online platforms, sites, and content. With these

topics, you were able to decipher the hanging questions regarding internet and technology. The

knowledge of the previous lesson also helped you maximize the potential of technology in education.

Moreover, we touched on topics regarding online safety, security, ethics, and etiquette standards

and practice in the use of ICT.

In this week’s lesson, we will learn how Internet can be a tool for credible research and information

gathering.

Internet research is the practice of using Internet information, especially, free information on the

World Wide Web, in research. It is:

• focused and purposeful (so not recreational browsing alone);

• uses Internet information or Internet-based resources (like Internet discussion forum);

• tends towards the immediate (drawing answers from information you can access without delay);

• and tends to access information without a purchase price.

Internet research has had a profound impact on the way ideas are formed and knowledge is

created. Common applications of Internet research include:

• personal research on a particular subject (something mentioned on the news, a health problem, etc.),

• students doing research for academic projects and papers, and

• journalists and other writers researching stories.

Research is a broad term.it is used to mean "looking something up (on the Web)". It includes any

activity where a topic is identified, and an effort is made to actively gather information for the purpose of further understanding. It may include some post collection analysis like a concern for quality or synthesis.

The Internet can be a researcher's dream come true. By browsing the Internet, much as you would

browse the shelves of a library, you can access information on seemingly limitless topics. In addition, web-based catalogs are available in many libraries to assist researchers in locating printed books, journals, government documents, and other materials. Possibly the biggest obstacle facing researchers on the Internet is how to effectively and efficiently access the vast amount of information available with the simple click of the mouse. With the Internet's potential as a research tool, teachers must instruct and guide their students on manageable strategies for sorting through the abundance of information.

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

Lessons and projects should be designed so that research time on the Web can be maximized in

terms of efficiency. This may mean gathering necessary information beforehand, having students work in groups, or focusing on whole-class projects.

Barron and Ivers (1996) outlined the following cycle for online research projects.

• Step 1: Questioning - Before going on the Internet, you should structure their questions.

• Step 2: Planning - Develop a search strategy with a list of sites to investigate.

• Step 3: Gathering - Use the Web to collect and gather information.

• Step 4: Sorting & Sifting - Analyze and categorize the data they gathered on the Web.

• Step 5: Synthesizing - Integrate the information into the lesson and draw conclusions.

• Step 6: Evaluating - Assess the results, and if necessary, begin the process again.

Click this link to learn more about Research Process: https://images.app.goo.gl/ocvG2tjDeJp7T5LHA

SEARCHING THE WEB

There are billions of pages of information on the World Wide Web, and finding relevant and

reliable information can be a challenge. Search engines are powerful tools that index millions of web sites. When entering a keyword into a search engine, you will receive a list with the number of hits or results and links to the related sites. The number of hits you receive may vary a great deal among different search engines. Some engines search only the titles of the web sites, and others search the full text. Techniques for using the different search tools vary. For best results, read the search tips or hints that are provided at each search site. Also, note that some of the search engines do not allow Boolean searches that combine words with the logical connectors of AND, OR, or NOT.

Common commands for search engines include:

1. Quotation Marks ( " )

Using quotation marks will help to find specific phrases involving more than one word.
For example: "Martin Luther King"

2. Addition Sign ( + )

Adding a + sign before a word means that it MUST be included in each site listed.
For example: + Florida + taxes

3. Subtraction Sign ( - )

Adding a - sign before a word means that it will NOT appear in the sites listed.
For example: + Washington -DC

4. Asterisks ( * )

Asterisks can be used for wild-cards in some search engines.
For example: Mexico* will look for Mexico, Mexican, Mexicali, etc.

Evaluating Internet sources

Students often uncritically accept information they see in print or on computer screens. Factors

like accuracy, authority, objectivity, timeliness, and coverage will help analyze web resources.

Consideration of these factors will weed out many of the inaccurate or trivial sites students may

encounter. The following questions will aid us in evaluating web resources:

Accuracy

• Are sources listed for the facts?

• Can information be verified through another source?

• Has the site been edited for grammar, spelling, etc.?

Authority

• Is the publisher reputable?

• Is the sponsorship clear?

• Is a phone number or postal address available?

• Is there a link to the sponsoring organization?

• Is the author qualified to write on this topic?

Objectivity

• Does the sponsor have commercial interests?

• Is advertising included on the page?

• Are there obvious biases?

• Currency Is a publication date indicated?

• Is there a date for the last update?

• Is the topic one that does not change frequently?

Coverage

• Are the topics covered in depth?

• Does the content appear to be complete?

Copyright issues

Everyone has a somewhat flexible, but not unlimited copyright privilege under the "fair use clause"

of the U.S. Copyright Act. "Fair use" is the means by which educators of non-profit educational

institutions may use copyrighted works without seeking permission or making payment to the author or publisher. Teachers and students are also protected to some extent by the Digital

Millennium Copyright

Act, which went into effect in October 1998. Under current guidelines, teachers and students are able to make limited use of copyrighted materials for instructional purposes. Copyright protects "original works of authorship" that are in a tangible form of expression.

Copyrightable works include the following categories:

• literary works

• musical works, including any accompanying words

• dramatic works, including any accompanying music, pantomimes, and choreographic works

• pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works

• motion pictures and other audiovisual works

• sound recordings

• architectural works

These categories should be viewed broadly. For example, computer programs and most

"compilations" may be registered as "literary works"; maps and architectural plans may be registered as "pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works."

Important questions to ask

• What is the purpose for using the material?

• Who is the audience?

• How widely will the material be distributed?

• Will the material be reproduced?

It is allowable under copyright guidelines to use copyrighted materials for class assignments. Check

specific guidelines for length of time the material can be kept up on a web site.